同步学习 一、本单元词汇 cultural adj. 文化的 survive v. 幸免于;幸存;生还 remain vi. 保持;仍是 state n. 国家;政府;州;状态 rare adj. 稀罕的;稀有的;珍贵的 dynasty n. 朝代;王朝 vase n. 花瓶;瓶 belong vi. 属于;为……的一员 gift n. 赠品;礼物 ton n. 吨;大量;许多 stone n. 石;石头;宝石 heat n. 热;热度 vt. 把……加热;使激动 design n. 设计;图案;构思 vt. 设计;计划;构思 fancy adj. 奇特的;异样的 vt. 想象;设想;爱好 style n. 风格;风度;类型 jewel n. 珠宝;宝石 king n. 国王;君王 reception n. 接待;招待会;接收 light vt.&vi. 点火;点燃;照亮 mirror n. 镜子 wonder n. 奇迹;惊奇 remove vt. 移动;搬开 furniture n. 家具(总称) secretly adv. 秘密地;背地里 wooden adj. 木制的 doubt n. 怀疑;疑惑 vt. 怀疑;不信 apart adv. 分离;分别地 trial n. 审判;审讯;试验 consider vt. 考虑;照顾;认为 opinion n. 意见;看法;判断 evidence n. 根据;证据;证物 prove vt. 证明;证实 vi. 原来(是);证明(是) pretend vt. 假装;装扮 maid n. 少女;女仆 castle n. 城堡 sailor n. 海员;水手;船员 treasure n. 财宝;财富;珍品 besides adv. 此外 prep. 除……之外 look into 调查 belong to 属于 in search of 寻找 in return 作为报答 at war 处于交战状态 take apart 拆开 think highly of 看重;器重
二、重点词汇讲解 1.fancy (1)fancy n. “幻想;想像力;爱好”,如: Scientific stories titillate the fancy of the school boys. 科学故事使小学生们的想象力活跃起来。 She has taken a fancy to that silly hat. 她特别喜欢那顶怪帽子。 (2)fancy v. “(无充分根据的)设想;喜欢;喜爱”,表示“(无充分根据的)设想”时,常用于结构“fancy doing sth.”,如: Fancy winning the competition! 真想不到能赢得比赛! I fancy a ride. 我很想乘车去兜兜风。 (3)fancy adj. “华丽装饰的;奇特的”,如: These tropical fruits are sold at a fancy price. 这些热带水果的价格昂贵。 the fancy footwork of a figure skater 花样溜冰者娴熟的脚步 fancy diving 花式跳水 [相关短语] after one’s fancy 合谋人心意 be full of fancies 异想天开;充满幻想 catch/strike/take sb’s fancy 使某人喜爱[中意];讨好某人 have a fancy for 爱好;爱上;入迷 have a fancy that 总觉得要…… Just fancy! [口]想想看!奇怪!
2.survive (1)survive v.“大难不死;在……之后还活着;比……活得长”,如: Few survived after the earthquake. 地震过后,生还者极少。 These players have to survive on their wiles. 这些运动员得靠诡计才能不被淘汰。 (2)survival n. “活下来,生存”,如: We need food and water for survival. 我们为了生存需要水和食物。 The chances of his survival are only fifty to fifty. 他生还的可能性只占一半。 (3)survivor n.“幸存者;活着的人”,如: There were no survivors of the air crash. 这次空难中没有生还者。
3.wonder (1)wonder n.“惊奇;奇观;壮举;奇才”,如: They were filled with wonder when they saw the spaceship. 当他们看到宇宙飞船时,他们非常惊奇。 He’s a wonder.他是个奇才。 It’s a wonder (that)… “难得;奇怪的是” (It’s)no wonder “难怪;并不奇怪;当然”,如: It’s a wonder you recognized me. 难得你还认得我。 No wonder he is not hungry; he has been eating sweets all day. 难怪他不饿,他整天在吃糖果。 (2)wonder v. ①“觉得奇怪;景气” 与at, that连用,如: I wonder, in English, each man speaks a different language. 我感到十分惊奇,在英国每个人都说着一种语言。 ②“纳闷;想知道”,后面接wh-宾语从句,如: I wonder why you couldn't have returned the book earlier. 我真不知道您为什么不能早点归还这本书。 [相关短语] a nine day’s wonder 轰动一时事物;昙花一现的新鲜事 A wonder lasts but nine days. [谚]什么事都新鲜不了多久。 do/perform/work wonders 创造奇迹,取得惊人成就 for a wonder 说也奇怪,意想不到地 lost in wonder/astonishment 惊叹不已 What a wonder! 多么令人惊异!真想不到!
4.remove (1) remove v.“拿走;撤走;除去”,常与from连用,如: You can remove a red wine stain from a carpet with salt. 你可以用盐去除地毯上红葡萄酒的污迹。 (2)remove n.“阶段;程度;距离;(亲族关系的)远近”,如: His cruelty was only one remove from crime. 他的残忍在程度上仅次于犯罪。 [相关短语] be removed from 与……远离;与……疏远的;与……不一样 be removed from school 被开除;被勒令退学 but/only one/a remove from 与……相隔不远 remove oneself 走开;离去
5.prove v. (1) “证明”,常与that连用,如: Facts have proved that the creative power of the people knows no limits. 事实证明人民的创造力是无穷的。 He has evidence that can prove his innocence. 他有证据能证明自己的清白。 (2)“试验;证实”,如: He was armed with many facts and figures to prove his case. 他有许多事实和数据证实自己的立论。 [相关短语] prove out 证明是合适的;证明是令人满意的;证明有预期的效果 prove (oneself) to be 证明(自己)是 prove up 具备……条件;探明 prove up to the hilt 充分证明
三、词语辨析 1.besides与except besides表示“除了(还有)……”;表示包含在内;except表示“除了……”,强调不包含在内。例如: No food is left in the pantry except some bread. 食品柜里除了一些面包其它什麽也不剩 。 Any time except Monday would be all right. 除星期一外随时都可以。 [注意]except后可以跟介词短语和从句,如: I looked everywhere except in the bedroom. 除了卧室没有看,我哪儿都看了。 This suit fits me well except that the trousers are too long. 这套衣服很适合我,除了裤子太长。 [对比] Except Tom, the other people all stay in the classroom. 除了汤姆,其他人都在教室里。(汤姆不在) Besides Tom, the other people went to the cinema. 除了汤姆,其他人也都去看电影了。(汤姆也去)
2.in search of与search for in search of (引起状语)表示“找寻”,其中的search是名词;而短语“search for”中的“search”是动词,短语表示“到处搜寻;在……里面寻找”。 They started off at once in search of the missing girl. 他们立即动身找寻失踪的女孩儿。 I searched everywhere for the book. 我到处找这本书。
3.imagine与fancy imagine常用来指富有创造力的,高层次的想像; fancy指较随意的,飘忽不定的,离奇的,不合实际的想像。如: Can you imagine that you are in a spaceship to the moon? 你能想像一下你坐着宇宙飞船飞往月球的情景吗? To think that you can climb that big tree is just fancy, you can’t do it. 你觉得你能爬上那棵大树,纯粹是胡思乱想,你爬不上去。
四、常用句型 1.This gift was the Amber Room, which was given this name because almost seven thousand tons of amber were used to make it. 这件礼物就是琥珀屋,它之所以有这个名字,是因为造这间房子用了将近7,000吨琥珀。 which was given this name… 为非限制性定语从句。非限制性定语从句,在修饰物时用which, 在修饰人时用who, whom, whose。非限制性从句和它的先行词之间只有松散的关系,往往是对先行词作补充说明,在文字中通常有逗号与主句隔开。 The chairman, who spoke first, sat on my right. 最先发言的主席坐在我的右边。 关系副词where和when也能引导非限制性定语从句。如: I’m seeing the manager tomorrow, when he will be back from New York. 我明天要去见经理,他明天要从纽约回来。
2.Although it feels as hard as stone, it easily melts when heated. 虽然摸起来像石头一样硬,可是加热后就很容易融化。 feel 在这里表示“给人以某种感觉”,如: Your hands feel cold. 你的手摸起来很冷。 The cloth feels soft. 这块布摸起来很柔软。 when heated= when it is heated. when heated 通常可以看作是一种省略句,省略的部分总是“主语+ be”,省略句的主语应与主句的主语相同。 Even if invited, he won’t go. 就算有人邀请他,他也不会去。
3.Once it is heated, the amber can be made into any shape. 琥珀一旦加热,就可以被制作成各种形状。 once引导状语从句,表示“一旦……就”,又如: Once you began you couldn’t stop. 一旦开始,你就无法停止。
4.The design for the room was of the fancy style popular in those days. 屋子的设计是当时流行的极富艺术表现力的建筑式样。 of the fancy style… 在句中用作表语,“be+ of+ 名词”,表示主语的某种形态或特征。 All of the boys in the class are of the same age. 这个班上的男生年龄都一样。 类似的短语还有:of different sizes, of great importance, of no use等。
5.There is no doubt that the boxes were then put on a train for Konigsberg, at that time a German city on the Baltic Sea. 毫无疑问,这些箱子后来被装上火车运往哥尼斯堡,当时他是波罗的海边的一个德国城市。 句式There was no doubt that… 表示“毫无疑问……”,又如: There was on doubt that he was a fine scholar. 毫无疑问,他是一个杰出的学者。
五、交际用语 (一)征求看法(Asking for opinions) Are you sure he / she was telling the truth? How do you know that? How can you be sure he / she was telling the truth? Why / Why not? (二)发表看法 (Giving opinions) I don't believe ..., because.... That can't be true. It is (not)a fact. I (don't)agree with you. I don't agree that .... It can be proved. The truth is(not)easy to know. I think they have said useful things. …has no reason to lie.
六、语法知识 限制性定语从句与非限制性定语从句 (一)定语从句有限制性和非限制性两种。限制性定语从句是先行词不可缺少的部分,去掉它主句意思往往不明确;非限制性定语从句是先行词的附加说明,它只对所修饰的词作一种补充说明,它和主句通常用逗号隔开,先行词不需限定,意义自明,主句和从句在意义上是相对独立的。如: (1)This is the place where I was born. (2)Anyone who leaves last please turn off the lights. 这两个句子,如果拿掉其中定语部分,剩下的 This is the place 和 Anyone please turn off the lights 意思不明确。 (1)I decided to buy a birthday present for my mother,who lives alone in the countryside. (2)He said he would come to my house to see me tomorrow afternoon,when I will have some other friends to play together. 在以上两个句子中,句(1)mother 不说自明,无需区别。除非有特殊情况,有必要加以区别时,才须用限制性定语从句。 句(2)tomorrow afternoon 意义明确,不需用限定词修饰。
(二)非限制性定语从句关系代词的选用 在非限制性定语从句中不能使用 that 为关系代词,而只能 who, whom 或 whose 等指人,用 which 指物或事,指时间和地点时,从句分别可以由 when 和 where 引起。如: (1)The leader of the team is a 44-year-old Frenchman,whose wife is also a team member. (2)The city he refers to is Mijas,which is about 120 km from here. (3)I’m to fly to Kunming,where it is warm in this season.
(三)当先行词是专有名词或物主代词和指示代词所修饰时,其后的定语从句通常是非限制性的。例如: Charles Smith, who was my former teacher, retired last year. 查理·史密斯去年退休了,他曾经是我的老师。 My house, which I bought last year, has got a lovely garden. 我去年买的的那幢房子带着个漂亮的花园。 This novel, which I have read three times, is very touching. 这本小说很动人,我已经读了三遍。
(四)几种结构特殊的非限制性定语从句 1. which 可以引导一个修饰整个句子的非限制性定语从句,其意义相当于and this或and that。如: (1)They have again invited me to visit their country,which is very kind of them. (2)Some bikes are made of plastic,which makes them very light. 2. as 可以引导一个非限制性定语从句,常常有“正如……”的意思。这种定语从句既可置于主句之前,也可置于主句之后。如: (1)As is known to all,water is an important kind of natural resource. (2)People in this country are not so expressive,as is often the case in Britain. 非限制性定语从句,就其意义来说,在结构上往往相当于一个并列句,但从形式上看,它与前面主句的关系比并列句要显得紧凑,而表达又比较自由。我们应学会使用非限制性定语从句,在做书面表达时,它能使你的英语文句显得流畅、地道。
(五)非限制性定语从句还能将整个主句作为先行词, 对其进行修饰, 这时从句谓语动词要用第三人称单数。例如: (1)He seems not to have grasped what I meant, which greatly upsets me. 他似乎没抓住我的意思,这使我心烦。 (2)Liquid water changes to vapor, which is called evaporation. 液态水变为蒸汽,这就叫做蒸发。 |