同步学习 一、本单元词汇 hurdling n. 跨栏运动 boxing n. 拳击 lunge n.&v. 刺；跃进；前冲 approximate adj. 近似的；大概的 approximately adv. 近似地；大约地 conventional adj. 习俗的；传统的 laughter n. 笑；笑声 reality n. 真实；事实 adjustment n. 调整；调节 tough adj. 强硬的；困难的 adv. 顽强地 extreme adj. 极端的 vomit v. 呕吐 n. 呕吐；呕吐物 gymnastics n. 体操；体能训练 gymnastically adv. 体能训练方面 unfit adj. 不适宜的；不太健康的 fascinate vt. 使着迷；入迷 meditation n. 沉思；冥想 spiritual adj. 精神上的 marathon n. 马拉松赛跑 urge vt. 催促；力劝 accomplish vt. 完成；实现 motivation n. 动机 devotion n. 热爱；投入 soul n. 灵魂；心灵；精神 sacred adj. 宗教的；庄严的；神圣的 deed n. 行为；功绩 conception n. 主意，计划 tact n. 机敏；乖巧；老练；技巧 regret vt.&vi. 后悔；感到抱歉 repentance n. 后悔 wisdom n. 智慧 virtue n. 美德 noble adj. 高尚的；贵族的 n. 贵族 doom vt. 注定；判决 n. 厄运；毁灭 bid vt.&vi. 出价；投标 n. 出价；投标 juggle vt.&vi. 耍把戏；玩杂耍 triathlon n. 三项全能运动 triathlete n. 三项全能运动员 amateur n. 业余爱好者 champion n. 冠军；优胜者 therefore adv. 因此；所以 springboard n. 跳板 economics n. 经济学 entire adj. 全部的；完整的 attain vt. 达到；获得 profile n. （人物或事物之）简介；侧面；轮廓 courageous adj. 勇敢的；有胆量的 appreciate vt. 鉴赏；感激 appreciation n. 感谢；感激；欣赏 accountant n. 会计 receptionist n. 招待员；接待员 lawyer n. 律师 politician n. 政治家；政客 scarf n. 围巾；头巾；领巾 zip n. 拉链 underwear n. 内衣裤 overcoat n. 外套大衣；长大衣 salary n. 薪水 wage n. 工资 in reality 实际上；现实
二、重点词汇讲解 1．as well as （1）as well as 连接两个谓语动词时，它们的时态应保持一致。例如： We are repairing the roof as well as painting the walls. 我们在粉刷墙壁同时也在修理屋顶。 （2）as well as 与动词连用时，其后可用V-ing形式，尤其as well as 位于句首时，此时相当于in addition to。例如： As well as breaking his leg, he hurt his arm. 他不但摔断了腿，而且还伤了胳膊。 （3）as well as 可连接并列的单词或短语。例如： It is unpleasant in summer as well as in winter. 夏天不好过，冬天也不好过。 The child is lively as well as healthy. 这孩子既健康又活泼。 （4）as well as 连接的人称代词既可以是主格也可以是宾格，但句意不同。例如： They have invited you as well as I. 他们和我一样都邀请了你。（they和I都作invited的主语） They have invited you as well as me. 他们邀请了我，也邀请了你。（you和me都作invited的宾语） （5）如果as well as 前面是动词不定式，那么其后的动词也是不定式，但to要省略。例如： You cannot expect her to do the housework as well as look after the children. 你不可能叫她既照顾孩子又做家务。 （6）由as well as 连接的复合主语并不影响谓语动词的数。例如： I as well as they am ready to help you. 不仅他们愿意帮助你，我也愿意帮助你。 （7）as well as 用于肯定结构和否定结构中，其意义不同。as well as 和not搭配使用，as well as 位于not前时，两者均否定；位于not后时，否定前者，肯定后者。 例如： George, as well as his brother, hasn’t gone abroad. 乔治和他兄弟都没有出国。 George hasn’t gone abroad as well as his brother. 乔治并没有和他兄弟一样出国去。（他兄弟一人出国） George, as well as his brother, has gone abroad. 乔治和他兄弟一样都出国了。 2．forward （1）adv.“向前；朝前”，可以指具体的前方，也可以指抽象的前方如未来、将来。 Since you are young, you can only look forward. 你们还年轻，只能向前看。 （2）adj. “前面的；进步的；早熟的；热心的；爱出风头的”。 Don’t be too forward. 别太出风头。 a forward movement 向前移动 forward views 进步的意见；激进的观点 （3）v. “转寄；寄；发送”。 Please forward this letter to the following address. 请将这封信转寄到下面的地址。 [词语联想]backward 向后 afterward 然后；后来 outward 向外 eastward 向东 3．doom （1）n. ①厄运,毁灭,死亡 The dictator met his doom after ten years of rule. 独裁者统治了十年终于完蛋了。 ②【宗】末日审判,世界末日 ③判决,定罪 （2）vt. ①注定,命定 The project was doomed to failure. 这工程注定失败。 ②判定,判决 The court doomed him to life imprisonment. 法庭判他终身监禁。 ③使失败,使毁灭 Excessive rainfall doomed the crops. 过多的雨水使庄稼歉收。 4．attain （1）v. ①达到；获得 They are not likely to attain this aim. 他们未必能够达到这一目标。 She tried in vain to attain to fame. 她想出名但没有成功。 ②到达 He will soon attain to manhood. 他很快就要到达成年期了。 （2）n. 成就,造诣[U]
5．make a comeback “复出；东山再起；卷土重来” Michael Jordan made an unexpected comeback. 迈克尔·乔丹出人意料地重返篮坛。 make history “创造历史；做出重大贡献”
三、常用句型 1. While these activities might seem childish and cause laughter rather than respect, in reality they require an enormous of strength and fitness as well as determination. 虽然这些活动看起来孩子气且令人发笑而不是让人肃然起敬，但实际上，这些活动却需要强大的力量、健康的体格和坚守的决心。 （1）rather than 而不是；与其……宁愿 He is an artist rather than a philosopher. 他是位艺术家而不是位哲学家。 （2）as well as 除……之外；和/与……一样 They have invited you as well as me. 他们邀请了我，也邀请了你。 2．Sri Chinmoy says that it is just as important for people to develop their bodies as it is to develop their minds, hearts and spiritual selves. 斯里琴摩指出人们发展他们的体魄与发展他们的头脑、心灵和精神上的自我具有同等的重要性。 spiritual精神上的；physical身体上的，肉体的. 3. For this, he attained his first entry in the Guinness Book of world Records.为此，他第一次进入了《吉尼斯世界纪录大全》。 attain, achieve, obtain这一组动词都有“获得；取得”的意思，三者的区别是: （1）attain 常指经过不懈的努力获得未曾预料到的结果；也可指达到某一目标。 The salesperson attained his sales goal for the month. 这位销售员完成了当月的销售目标。 （2）achieve “得到；获得”，多指成就、目标、幸福的取得。 The movie star achieved success and wealth. 这个影星取得了成功和财富。 （3）obtain “获得；买到”，用于正式语体中。 He obtained the property with a bank loan. 他通过向银行贷款买下了那份房产。 4. Covering a mile in the fastest time while doing gymnastically correct lunges is yet another event in which Ashrita is outstanding. 做标准的体操弓箭步动作向前，以最快的速度走完一英里的路程是阿西里塔又一个出色的项目。 （1）time在这里的意思是“速度；速率”，所以in the fastest time意为“以最快的速度”。 （2）当yet后跟another时，yet不表示转折或让步，它的意思是“另外，此外”，充当名词定语。 He has given yet another reason. 他又补充了一个理由。 5．You start by standing and then you step forward with the right foot while touching the left knee to the ground. 开始时呈站立姿势，然后右脚向前一步，同时左膝触地。 while touching the left knee to the ground 相当于 while you touch the left knee to the ground. while 的意思是“当……的时候；与……同时发生”。如果while 引导的从句的主语与主句的主语相同，则主语与be 动词可省略，但实义动词则要变为-ing 形式。如果从句主语与主句主语不同，则不能省略。如： While (he was) in London he became interested in literature. 在伦敦的时候，他迷上了文学。 Strike while the iron is hot. 趁热打铁。 6. Every time Ashrita tries to break a record, he reaches a point where he feels he cannot physically do any more. 每次试图破纪录的时候，阿西里塔都会达到一个体力不可逾越的极限点。 every time 在句中充当时间状语，意思是“每次”。其它常用作时间状语的词组还有： every other day 每隔一天 every now and then 偶尔，不时 day and night日夜 all one’s life一辈子
四、交际用语 （一）表示惊讶（Expressing surprise） You’re kidding! Are you kidding? How amazing! How is that possible? Good heavens! Really? It can’t be true! Are you serious? （二）表示相信/ 不相信（Expressing belief/ disbelef） I’m not surprised. I can’t believe it. I think it’s true. I find that hard to believe. You’re right. That’s wonderful. I believe what you said. You’re not serious, are you? I don’t doubt. Oh, come on! You must be joking.
五、语法知识 （一）什么是主语 主语是执行句子的行为或动作的主体。主语是相对谓语而言的，主语相当于句子的主题，谓语说明主语的情况、提供新的信息。作主语的可以是名词、代词、数词、词组、非谓语动词，也可以是从句（当从句作主语时我们把这个从句叫主语从句）。 （二）主语形式 1．名词作主语 The hunter killed the lion．猎人杀死了狮子。 2．代词作主语 This is all I want．Nothing else．这就是我想要的全部。没别的。 Who teaches you folk music? 谁教你们民间音乐? 3．数词作主语 Three is enough for each of us．三个对于我们每个人来说就足够了。 Four and five makes nine．Have you worked it out，Jeff? 四加五等于九。你算出来了吗，杰夫? 4．the+形容词 /v-ed /v-ing结构作主语 某些形容词与定冠词连用可以表示一类人或一抽象概念。 某些v-ed分词或v-ing结构，其前用the也可以表示一类人或物。(常用复数) The young should respect the old. 年轻人应尊重老者。 Medical workers rescue the dying and heal the wounded．救死扶伤。 The wounded have been sent to hospital and the 1ost are being searched for． 伤者已被送到了医院，失踪者正在搜寻。 5．不定式作主语 不定式结构直接置于句首的形式是最常见的，但使用时多数采用先行词it，而把不定式结构后置。 To master a foreign language is no easy job. 掌握一门外语不是件很容易的事。 It took much time to do this. 做这件事费了很多时间。 It makes us excited to think about that. 想到那件事我们就好兴奋。 6．v-ing（动名词）结构作主语 v-ing结构直接置于主语的位置作句子的主语，也可用it作形式主语，而把v-ing结构置于句末。这种形式通常用于某些形容词或名词之后。 It is nice talking to you. It's an awful job doing this. Remembering so many new words is really hard work． 记住这么多新单词真是件苦差事。 7．从句作主语 (1)that从句作主语：that从句作主语通常用先行词it作形式主语，而将that从句置于句末，在这种结构中，从属连词that有时可省略。 That he will succeed is certain．他会成功是肯定的。 [注意]that从句放于句首时，that不能省略。 (2)wh-从句作主语 这种结构分两类：一类是由疑问代词或疑问副词引导，另一类由连词whether引导，前者是由特殊疑问句转化而来，后者由一般疑问句转化而来。 Who was responsible for the accident is not yet clear． It is not clear who was responsible for the accident．谁来负责这次事故不清楚。 It is not known when he did it. 不知道他什么时候做的那件事。 It is not important whether you are a male or a female in the job． 在这项工作中你是男性还是女性这不重要。 8．有时介词短语、副词或其短语位于主语位置是倒装结构。 Between six and seven in the morning is the time I go jogging． 早晨六点至七点是我慢跑的时间。 Nearby is a good place for camping． 附近是宿营的好地方。 9．特殊主语 ①all, some, a lot of, most等修饰可数名词时,谓语动词用复数形式；修饰不可数名词时,谓语动词用单数形式。 Some students have done pretty well. 一些同学做的相当不错。 Most of my spared time has been spent in painting it. 我的大部分业余时间都用来画它了。 Some people are talking. 一些人在谈话。 Most of the money has been spent. 钱已经花了大部分。 ②�� XICC_PROFILE HLino mntrRGB XYZ � 1 acspMSFT IEC sRGB 鲋 �-HP cprt P 3desc � lwtpt � bkpt rXYZ gXYZ , bXYZ @ dmnd T pdmdd � 坴ued L 唙iew � $lumi � meas $tech 0 rTRC < gTRC < bTRC < text Copyright (c) 1998 Hewlett-Packard Company desc sRGB IEC61966-2.1 sRGB IEC61966-2.1 XYZ 驫 蘕YZ XYZ o� 8� 怷YZ b� 穮 赬YZ $� � 断desc IEC http://www.iec.ch IEC http://www.iec.ch desc .IEC 61966-2.1 Default RGB colour space - sRGB .IEC 61966-2.1 Default RGB colour space - sRGB desc ,Reference Viewing Condition in IEC61966-2.1 ,Reference Viewing Condition in IEC61966-2.1 view _. � 硖 \� XYZ L V P W 鏼eas � sig CRT curv
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