步学习 一、本单元词汇 honest adj. 诚实的;正直的 ancient adj. 古代的;古老的 compete vi. 比赛;竞赛 competitor n. 竞争者 medal n. 奖章;勋章;纪念章 host vt. 做东;主办;招待 n. 主人 Greece n. 希腊 Greek adj. 希腊的;希腊人的;希腊语的 n. 希腊人;希腊语 magical adj. 巫术的;魔术的;有魔力的 interview vt.&n. 面谈;采访 athlete n. 运动员;运动选手 admit vt.&vi. 容许;承认;接纳 set n. 组;套 slave n. 奴隶 stadium n. 露天大型体育场 gymnasium n. 健身房;体育馆 replace vt. 取代;替换;代替 prize n. 奖;奖赏 silver n. 银;银子 adj. 银的;银色的 physical adj. 物理的;身体的 root n. 根;根源 relate vt.&vi. 有关;涉及;使联系;发生关系 sail vt.,vi.&n. 航行 poster n. 海报;招贴 advertise vt.&vi. 做广告;登广告 foolish adj. 愚蠢的;傻的 promise vt.&n. 允诺;答应 golden adj. 金的;金色的 take part in 参加;参与 a set of 一组;一套 as well as 也;又 one after another 陆续地;一个接一个地
二、重点词汇讲解 1.host (1)v. “主办;举办” When do you think China will host the World Cup? 你认为中国何时会举办世界杯? (2)n. “(待客的)主人” The host had shown great generosity to his guests. 主人对他的客人十分慷慨。
2.admit (1)vi. ①admit当不及物动词与to连用时,表示“通入;朝向”或“承认”,如: This key admits to the main entrance. 用这把钥匙可入大门。 ②admit当不及物动词与of连用时,意为“容许”,admit of的主语一定是“事”或“物”;不能用“人”作主语。如: It dose not admit of doubt. 此事不容置疑。 (2)vt. 表示“承认;供认”时,可接名词、动名词短语、宾语从句或含有名词或不定式的复合宾语,如: He admitted himself a failure. =He admitted that he was a failure. 他承认自己失败了。 I must admit I'm not at all interested in modem painting. 我必须承认我对现代绘画一点儿都不感兴趣。 admit后不可接不定式短语。如: We can’t admit to use force.(误) We can’t admit the use of force.(正) 我们不容许使用暴力。
3.promise (1) n.“迹象;可能性;希望”,如: There is a promise of better weather tomorrow. 明天天气可能更好。 There seems little promise of success for the expedition. 看来这次探险的成功希望不大。 (2)v.“使(某事物)很有可能”,如: The clouds promise rain. 阴天预示有雨。
4.marry v. (1) 用作及物动词或不及物动词,表示“娶、嫁、结婚”,如: She married young/late. 她结婚早。 I am going to marry John. 我要和约翰结婚了。 She sacrificed her career to marry him. 她为了嫁给他牺牲了自己的事业. (2) 用作及物动词,表示“为……而和人结婚;把全副精力给予”,如: She married money. 她为了钱而结婚。 (3)用作及物动词,表示“为……主婚;给……娶妻;嫁出”,如: She wants to marry her daughter to a rich man. 她想把女儿嫁给一个有钱人。 (4)用作及物动词,表示“为……证婚;主持……的婚礼”,如: An old friend married them. 一位老友为他们主持了婚礼。
5. must must表示推测仅用于肯定句,意思是“想必;一定” must be/must be doing sth… 表示对现在情况的比较有把握的肯定推测; must have been/done sth… 表示对过去情况的比较有把握的肯定推测,如: He must be in the classroom. 他肯定在教室里。 None of us heard the phone. We must have fallen asleep. 我们谁都没有听到电话,我们肯定都睡着了。 否定句中要用can't,表示比较有把握的推测,意思是“不可能”,如: The headmaster has gone abroad, so the man over there can’t be him. 校长出国了,那边那个人不可能是他。
三、词语辨析 1.gold与golden gold为“金的;金制的”,表示真金的质地; golden为“金的;金色的”,指金黄色的外表。 golden还常用于引申意义,含有贵重,重要,幸运等意思,如: a gold watch 金表 a golden watch 金色的表 gold coin 金币 golden hair 金发 The Elizabethan period was the golden age of English drama. 伊丽莎白时期是英国戏剧的黄金时代.
2.excuse, forgive与pardon 这三个词都表示“原谅;宽恕”。 excuse“原谅”,指有意放过人们在社会,习俗方面的具体行为,如错误,疏忽或失职,不予以职责和惩罚。常用词组:excuse for原谅;excuse from/to do免除。如: Please excuse me for using your telephone without asking permission. I thought you wouldn’t mind. 请原谅,我没有得到你的允许就用了你的电话,我想你不会介意吧! forgive“饶恕;宽恕;赦免”,感情色彩较浓,表示打消一切复仇的心理,不再愤恨,强调主观和内心的宽恕,如: She was so kind as to forgive her intimate friend who had betrayed her when she was in a great difficulty. 她如此善良,竟能原谅在她处境最艰难时背叛她的挚友。 pardon “原谅;宽恕”,正式用语,指放弃处罚要求,予以赦免,尤其指有上级按法律正是赦免过失或过错,作“原谅”讲时,同excuse,如: It became necessary to fly our lives, but we couldn’t expect to be pardoned. 我们有必要逃命,但我们不能指望得到宽恕。
3.as well as, as well 作为习语用于介词时,as well as的涵义是“还有”;“不但……,而且……”。值得注意的是,在A as well as B的结构里,语意的重点在A,不在B。因此,“He can speak Spanish as well as English.” 的译文应该是:“他不但会说英语,而且会讲西班牙语”,决不能译作:“他不但会说西班牙语,而且会讲英语”。 如果as well as用作连词引出比较从句,其义为“和……一样好”。因此,“He speaks Spanish as well as English.”应译作:“他说西班牙语像说英语一样好”。语意的重点依旧在前部,不在后半部。 as well是副词短语,其义为“也”,相当于too,它一般放在句末,有时和连词and或but搭配使用。例: He is a worker,and a poet as well. 他是工人,但也是诗人。 Mr. Liu can speak English, but he can speak Cantonese as well. 刘先生会说英语,但他也能讲广东话。
四、常用句型 1.How often do you hold your Games? 你们的奥运会多久举行一次? hold v. (1)表示“召开;举行(会议等)”,如: The meeting will be held in the community centre. 会议将在社区中心举行。 (2)表示“抓住”,如: I held him by the arm. 我抓住了他的胳膊。 (3)表示“容纳;盛;装”,不用于进行时,也不用于被动结构,如: The room holds about eighty people. 这个房间可容纳大约80多人。 (4)表示“承接;支撑”,如: (5)表示“使保持(某种状态)”,如: I couldn’t hold the door closed. 我没法把门关上。
2.No other country could join in, nor could slaves or women. = No other country could join in, neither could slaves or women. = No other country could join in, no more could slaves or women. = No other country could join in, and no slaves or women could (join in), either. 别的国家不能参赛,奴隶和女性也不能参赛。 nor, neither, so用于句首时主谓语需要倒装,so用于肯定句,表示“也”, nor,neither用于否定句表示“也不,也没有”。又如: Li Ming can speak three languages. So can I. 李明会三种语言。我也会。 After that we never saw her again, nor did we hear from her. 从那以后,我们就再没看到她,也没有收到她的信。
3.Women are not only allowed to join in but play a very important role… allow sb. to do sth./be allowed to do sth. 允许某人做某事 allow和permit在许多情况下可以换用,只是词义的强弱有些差别:allow侧重于“听任;默许;不加阻止”;permit强调“正式认可;批准”的意思。在使用中还要注意以下几点: 可以说allow/permit sb. to do sth. 不可以说allow/permit sb. doing sth. 可以说allow/permit doing sth. 不可以说allow/permit to do sth. 如: Allow me to propose a toast to our honour guest Mr. Green. 允许我提议为我们的贵客格林先生干杯。 We don't allow smoking in our house. 我们家里不容许抽烟。 一般情况下,与副词或介词短语连用时,多用allow。
五、交际用语 (一)谈论兴趣爱好 (Talking about interests and hobbies) What are your hobbies? What do you like doing in your free time? How do you become good at them? What is enjoyable about this hobby? What have you learned from this hobby? (二)同意和不同意 (Agreement & disagreement) I think that.... I agree.... I'm sure that.... Do you think that... ? I don't think that.... I don't agree.... I'm not sure whether.... There is no doubt that....
六、语法知识 一般将来时的被动语态 (一)被动语态由be+过去分词构成,be随时态的变化而变化。一般将来时的被动语态形式为:will/shall be+及物动词的过去分词,如: Shall we be asked to attend the opening ceremony? 一般将来时的被动语态由肯定式变成否定式、疑问式时均应借助于助动词will/ shall 来完成,如构成否定句时直接在will/ shall 后加not;构成一般疑问句时将will/ shall提前,其简略回答保留will/ shall。 使用时应注意下面句型由主动语态变为被动语态的方法。 (1)主语+谓语+宾语,如: 主动:We’ll build a new house next year. 被动:A new house will be built (by us) next year. (2)主语+谓语+间接宾语+直接宾语(习惯上把间接宾语变为被动语态的主语),如: 主动:My mother will give me a shirt. 被动:I will be given a shirt (by my mother). 如果把直接宾语改为主语时,则在间接宾语前加to或for,如: 主动:My mother will give me a shirt. 被动:A new shirt will be given to me (by my mother). (3) 主语+谓语+宾语+宾补。如果是含有复合宾语的主动句变成被动句时,将其中的宾语变为主语,宾补不变。如: 主动:We’ll ask him to help you tomorrow. 被动:He will be asked to help you (by us).
(二)一般将来时的其他几种被动语态形式: (1) be going to be (done); be to be (done) 主动:We are to repair the machine tomorrow. 被动:The machine is to be repaired (by us) tomorrow. (2) shall(will)+get+过去分词(多用于非正式场合) 主动:I will get the work done. 被动:The work will get done by me. (3) will become+过去分词 The truth will become known.
(三)will/shall be done除用于一般将来时构成被动语态外,还可用来表示有固定性条件就会有规律性被动结果,如: If you sleep during the work, you will be fired. 如果你在上班期间睡觉,你将被解雇。 If you park your car here, you will be fined. 如果你将汽车停在这儿,你将被罚款。
(四)has/have been done可用来表示到将来某一时刻为止某一动作已被完成,此时它属于一般将来时被动语态,如: I will go home when my homework has been finished. 当我的家庭作业已被完成时我就回家。 I will invite you here as soon as this bridge has been built. 这座桥一被建好,我就邀请你到这儿来。 |